Orange
Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Orange (Citrus × sinensis) is a citrus fruit tree; its round, orange-skinned fruit is packed with sweet, juicy segments rich in vitamin C — eaten fresh, juiced and pressed for peel oil.
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Orange fruitOverview
Orange is a small evergreen tree 4–10 m tall with often thorny shoots; its oval leaves are glossy dark green with slightly winged stalks. Small, fragrant white flowers grow in clusters. The fruit is spherical, 6–10 cm across, with thick orange skin bearing oil glands and 8–12 juicy segments that taste sweet and aromatic, containing a few seeds.
Orange originated in Southeast Asia and China and is grown throughout the tropics and subtropics; in Vietnam it is cultivated in Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Nghệ An, Vĩnh Long ('cam sành') and Bến Tre. The fruit is eaten fresh, juiced and made into candied peel; the peel yields limonene-rich oil for fragrances and cleaning, and the orange is an important source of vitamin C.
Distribution & origin
Share of recorded occurrences by region- Brazil25%
- China and Asia30%
- Vietnam15%
- Others30%
Chemical composition
Relative content in agarwood resin- Vitamin CImmune support40%
- LimonenePeel oil30%
- FlavonoidsAntioxidant30%
Uses
- Eaten fresh and juiced
- Candied peel and baking
- Peel yields limonene oil
Properties
- Taste
- Sweet, aromatic, juicy
- Value
- Rich in vitamin C
Habitat & conservation
Tropical to subtropical, sunny; well-drained soil.
Conservation
Cultivated worldwide; not threatened.
References
- 1Kew Science – Plants of the World Online: Citrus × sinensis — Kew (Plants of the World Online), 2026
- 2Wikipedia – Orange (fruit) — Wikipedia, 2026